Bệnh Behçet và suy giảm nhận thức: Báo cáo ca bệnh về một triệu chứng bị bỏ sót

Histopathological evaluation of an oral ulcer lesion from a patient with Behçet’s Disease (BD), stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), revealing the characteristic features of mucocutaneous inflammation. At low magnification (40×, A), a mild, patchy lymphocytic infiltrate is evident within the dermis (yellow arrows). Examination at medium magnification (100×, B) demonstrates basket-weave orthokeratosis of the epidermis (red arrows), a subepidermal cleft devoid of cellular components (blue arrows), and dense lymphocytic infiltrate localized at the base of the cleft (orange arrows). High-power magnification (400×, C) shows a melanin pigment incontinence, indicated by the pigment dropping into the dermis (black arrows), accompanied by mild spongiosis (white arrows), basal cell vacuolization (green arrow), and subepidermal cleft (blue arrow). These histological findings collectively support an active inflammatory process consistent with Behçet’s Disease pathology.

Chest X-ray (anteroposterior view) demonstrates a well-defined mass in the anterior mediastinum (yellow arrow), suggestive of a thymoma.

Sagittal view (A) demonstrates bilateral parietal lobe atrophy (yellow arrows) suggesting vascular compromise in watershed areas, a finding commonly associated with Behçet’s Disease. Coronal view (B) confirms normal hippocampal anatomy (blue arrows), helping to exclude Alzheimer’s disease as a primary etiology. The transversal T2-weighted image (C) shows mild hyperintensities in the temporal lobes (red arrows), corresponding to a Fazekas score of 1, which argues against significant small vessel disease and supports the exclusion of vascular dementia.

Clinical timeline: symptoms, investigations, treatments, and outcomes.

Neuropsychological assessment results.

Qualitative and quantitative measurement of the patient’s brain volumetric.